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A region is considered to be in drought when rainfall is significantly low for at least three months. Because of the wide range of average rainfalls across Australia, the rainfall recorded during a drought in a coastal area may be higher than the average rainfall recorded at an inland location.
There is a strong correlation between droughts in Australia and the El Niño effect. The Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) is used to predict rainfall in eastern Australia. A prolonged negative SOI reading is related to drought and a positive SOI reading indicates higher than average rainfall.
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