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Core 2 Factors affecting performance
How does training affect performance?
Types of training
The type of training undertaken by an athlete should meet the specific needs of the activity being trained for. The three main types of training which are to be examined are listed below.
Aerobic
training
Aerobic training's main objective is to increase an
athlete's ability to use oxygen. This involves training
the larger muscle groups (arms, chest and legs) to
efficiently combine with the cardiovascular system to supply
a higher volume of oxygen to the athlete and therefore
improve performance.
Strength
training
Strength training involves the use of resistance which helps
to increase the amount of force a muscle can exert. Muscles
are required to contract in a number of ways and each of
these needs to be trained in a specific way. Isotonic
contractions require the muscle to lengthen and shorten
against a resistance, isometric contractions involve no
movement, while isokinetic contractions involve the exertion
of force at all angles of a joint movement.
Flexibility
training
Flexibility training is designed to improve the possible
range of motion of a joint and reduce the likelihood of an
injury. There are a number of ways in which flexibility can
be developed including static stretching, Proprioceptive
Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) and ballistic stretching.
Each of these types of stretches can be used to develop an
individual’s flexibility and improve overall
performance as a result.
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Different athletes and different activities
have different needs and it is important to structure
training programs which suit the needs of the
activity. A fast bowler in cricket will have
different requirements to a road cyclist. To examine
the different training programs for these two groups
click on the student activity button below.
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