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Answers
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At 100 beats per minute (bpm), the cardiac output is
approximately:
- 10 litres per minute for the trained athlete
- 8.4 litres per minute for the untrained athlete.
At 160 bpm, the cardiac output is approximately:- 17 litres per minute for the trained athlete
- 14.5 litres per minute for the untrained athlete.
- For a given heart rate, a trained athlete will have a
higher cardiac output than an untrained athlete. For
example, at 100 bpm the trained athlete’s cardiac
output is 10 litres per minute while the untrained
athlete’s is 8.4 litres per minute.
Explanation: The increased cardiac output obtained through training is achieved through increases in stroke volume.
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For any given heart rate (e.g. 120 bpm) the amount of
work being performed by a trained athlete is greater than
that of an untrained athlete. That is, the untrained
athlete would reach 120bpm whilst performing a relatively
small amount of work. A trained athlete would have to do
a lot more work to get the heart rate up to 120bpm.
Therefore, trained athletes have a higher demand for oxygen at the various heart rate levels. An increased cardiac output allows the trained athlete to meet this higher demand more easily.
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