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Issues in today's world:
Useful words and phrases
| Urbanisation & drift to the city | |
|---|---|
| air bertinja | water contaminated with sewage |
| daerah berpenduduk padat | densely populated areas |
| gelandangan | homelessness/vagrancy |
| gubuk-gubuk liar | shacks |
| jalur hijau | green belts |
| kemacetan lalu lintas | traffic congestion |
| masalah yang dihadapi | problems faced |
| mencari pekerjaan/nafkah | to look for work/a living |
| menghidupi keluarga | to support the family |
| meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat | increase community awareness |
| pemukiman baru | new settlements |
| pengangguran | unemployment |
| tanpa ketrampilan | unskilled |
| Environment & environmental concerns e.g. pollution, deforestation | |
|---|---|
| asap beracun | poisonous smoke |
| dampak negatip terhadap satwa liar dan lingkungan hidup | negative effects on wildlife and environment |
| denda besar | big fines |
| jangka panjang/jangka pendek | the long term/short term |
| kabut | smog |
| kebakaran hutan | bushfires |
| kepunahan | extinction |
| kotoran | sewage |
| limbah cair | liquid waste |
| melestarikan lingkungan untuk anak cucu kita | to preserve the environment for our grandchildren |
| mendaur ulang | to recycle |
| mengurangi jumlah kendaraan pribadi | to reduce the number of private vehicles |
| pembabatan hutan | logging |
| pengotoran/pencemaran | pollution |
| sampah | rubbish |
| sanksi | sanctions |
| tanpa diolah | unprocessed |
| undang-undang yang tegas/ketat | strict laws |
| The impact of tourism | |
|---|---|
| baik-buruknya pariwisata | the good and bad features of tourism |
| kehilangan identitas asli | the loss of indigenous identity |
| komersilisasi agama | commercialisation of religion |
| menelan ide-ide tanpa pikir panjang | to swallow ideas without thinking |
| pengaruh barat | the influence of westernisation |
| The changing face of Indonesia - Family planning | |
|---|---|
| meninggikan taraf hidup | to raise the standard of living |
| pembatasan kelahiran | birth control program |
| dipuji/dikecam karena | the program is praised/criticised because |
| program Keluarga Berencana (KB) | Family Planning program |
| Role of women | |
|---|---|
| dipingit | to be put into seclusion when a girl reached a puberty (a practice carried out up to the beginning of the 20th century) |
| hak sederajat dengan kaum laki-laki | rights equal to those of men |
| kedudukan wanita | the position of women |
| pada jaman dahulu, isteri teladan bersifat penurut | in the past, a model wife was submissive |
| persamaan hak | equal rights |
| terikat pada kebiasaan-kebiasaan tradisional | tied to traditional customs |
| wanita yang berkarier dengan sukses/ wanita yang sukses dalam karier | women who have successful careers |
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